【HKDSE 2016 DBQ Q.3 English Version】
(a) Infer one characteristic of the Red Guard in the Cultural Revolution. Support your answer with one clue from Source E. (2 marks)
The characteristic of the Red Guard is anti-the
West.
In Source E, the senior staff said the Red Guard
was so angry when he saw that he was drinking a coffee, which is a foreign
drink. He was also very angry when he saw there were many imported foreign
things in the firm.
(b) What can you conclude from
Source F about the Shenzhen government’s attitude towards the entry of
McDonald’s into China? Explain your answer with reference to Source F. (3
marks)
Shenzhen government was supportive to the entry
of McDonald’s into China.
In Source F, the Shenzhen Deputy Mayor attended
the opening ceremony congratulated McDonald’s in the ceremony on behalf of the
government. It indicates that the Shenzhen government supported the entry of
McDonald’s so much and was looking forward to further cooperating with
McDonalds’s later.
(c) Do you agree that the Reform and
Opening-up policy of China after 1978 transformed China? Explain your answer
with reference to Sources E and F and using your knowledge of China’s
development up to 2000. (8
marks)
To a large extent I agree that the Reform and
Opening-Up policy of China transformed China in 1978.
In cultural aspect, By Source E, the Red Guards were
anti-foreign. They were very angry when they saw the foreign imported goods and
doubted whether the staff is Chinese. It reflected that the most of people
before 1978 hated foreign countries and their products so much.
By Source F, however, the people in
China were in favour of the western foods. The Shenzhen Deputy Mayor attended the opening
ceremony of McDonalds in 1990. Some Shenzhen citizens even have eaten the
McDonalds’ foods that McDonalds have prepared for the consumption within the
first three hours. It reflected that the people loved the foreign foods after
1978, unlike before 1978.
From my own knowledge, Deng adopted the
Reform and Opening-up policy which attracted the foreign investments in China
and therefore improved the foreign product’s image in China. Therefore, in
cultural aspect, Reform and Opening-up policy could transform China.
In economic aspect, From my own knowledge, before 1978, China implemented ‘Public ownership economic system’ and
planned economy. For example, when Mao suggested ‘Taking steel production as
the key link’, most of the people, including doctors, conducted large-scale
steel refinement by using backyard furnaces.
However, the economic reforms after 1978 was totally
different from before 1978.
It changes from a
planned economy to a free economy. For example, Deng implemented ‘household
responsibility system’ and gave a certain degree of independence to the
state-owned enterprises. The peasants could remain the rest of crops and the
enterprises could remain the profit after tax.
In educational aspect,
However, in order to provide more talents for the
implementation of economic reform. Deng changed to
implement educational reforms and emphasize talents. For example, he built many
schools and universities and invited world-wide talents to cultivate the next
generation to improve the educational level for economic reforms.
In political aspect, from my own knowledge, Mao would try all means
to suppress the people with objection such as ‘Three-anti’, ‘Five-anti’ and Cultural
Revolution which was anti-capitalist roaders.
The
situation was the same after 1978. Deng would still try all means to suppress
the people with objection. For example, he suppressed the big-scale student
movement Tiananmen Square protests in 1989 and killed many students.
Apart from
political aspect, Reform and
Opening-up policy could transform China in different aspects including
cultural, economic and educational.
Therefore, to a large extent I agree that the Reform and Opening-Up
policy of China transformed China in 1978.
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